ࡱ>  eZbjbj$$ F|F|AO5$" ." :":":"$^"^"^"P"l#^"V##L$$$X&>&& !V#V#V#V#V#V#V$Yb\~GV:"&6&6&"&&GV:":"$$6\V0d3d3d3&:"$:"$!Vd3&!Vd3d3PU$f-/PS$ VV<VS]2`]DUU]:"U<&&d3&&&&&GVGVd3&&&V&&&&]&&&&&&&&&$ : Summary Pursuant to Decision IOC-XXVII/Dec.5.1.2 of the IOC Assembly at its 27th session, this document presents background to the proposal for IOCs involvement in an IIOE-2. The main decision proposed is for IOC to take a lead role in the implementation of the IIOE-2, following the development of a research plan under the leadership of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR). A decision is also proposed for the setting up of an Interim Planning Committee which would undertake the initial implementation planning for IIOE-2 based on a research plan, including the establishment of appropriate Secretariat support, and report back to the 28th session of the Assembly in 2015. Financial and administrative implications are covered in a Draft Resolution submitted by Australia, India and the UK and referenced as EC-XLVII/DR.(6.3) in the Action Paper (document IOC/EC-XLVII/2 Prov.) Introduction The Assembly, following Decision IOC-XXVII/Dec.5.1.2 agreed to add the International Indian Ocean Expedition 50th Anniversary Initiative (IIOE-2) to the agenda of the IOC Executive Council at its 47th Session in 2014 in order to formalise, through a Draft Resolution, IOCs involvement in an IIOE-2, proposed for the period 20152020. It decided that it was appropriate for the IOC in collaboration with the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the IndianOcean (IO) GOOS, to further develop a proposal for the IIOE-2 in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the original Expedition of 19591965. The IIOE-2 Reference Group and the IOC Executive Secretary were further requested to prepare the relevant documentation, timeline, organisational and financial implications for the IOC. It also urged interested Member States to support this planning effort to the best of their capacities. Background The International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) of 19591965 was one of the greatest international, interdisciplinary oceanographic research efforts of all time embracing physical oceanography, chemical oceanography, meteorology, marine biology, marine geology and geophysics. Forty-six research vessels under 13 different flags undertook research that extended over 320 cruise months, including an unprecedented number of hydrographic surveys (and repeat surveys) that covered the entire Indian Ocean basin. Why an IIOE-2? The past 50 years have seen a number of advances that have revolutionised ocean science. These have included enhancements in satellite imagery (e.g. for SST, salinity, surface elevation, ocean colour, waves), new in-situ robotic instruments (e.g. surface drifters, Argo floats, gliders), deep ocean moorings and Remotely Operated Vehicles, all of which have facilitated research in previously inaccessible depths. Such instrumentation reduces, though does not eliminate, requirements for large-scale and expensive ship cruises. Similarly technological enhancements in electronic data and information exchange/storage capabilities and enhancements in data processing and modelling have opened up a new understanding of ocean and coupled climate processes globally and regionally. International conventions, in particular the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), now also provide enhanced frameworks for international collaboration in data collection and data sharing. Some major investigations have taken place in the Indian Ocean since the IIOE years, such as through the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), and currently under GOOS and through the related integrated work of the Indian Ocean Panel (IOP) of IOGOOS/CLIVAR and Sustained Indian Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (SIBER) under IOGOOS/IMBER, with support from the Indian Ocean Observing System Resources Forum (IRF). Recent institutional and scientific meetings at which a prospective IIOE-2 has been discussed have all converged on the view that much still remains unknown about the Indian Oceans oceanographic and coupled climatic processes and marine ecosystems. Technological advancements since the original IIOE, applied in the context of a new suite of contemporary environmental questions under IIOE-2, have the potential to unlock much that is critically relevant to the socio-economic and environmental interest of Indian Ocean rim and island countries as well as adjacent regions. International collaborative structures and capacity building expertise also have the potential to facilitate the exchange of information and associated benefit to a wider stakeholder base. Initial Planning The establishment of a voluntary international Reference Group for a possible IIOE-2, as well as the results of its first meeting (Hyderabad, India, May 2013), were reported at the 27th Assembly. Two further Reference Group meetings (in Qingdao, China, November 2013 and Mauritius, March 2014) have occurred, all of which have been by open invitation and widely advertised to all IOC Member States. Each meeting has brought together existing and new stakeholders to refine the concept, developing an outline of scientific priorities, as well as elements of an IIOE-2 governance/coordination structure involving: overarching governance; sub-committees; and secretariat support. The specific themes for potential sub-committees included cruise coordination, special events (e.g. including symposia), data and information management, high level partnerships (e.g. including the Indian Ocean Rim AssociationIORA), capacity building/knowledge transfer (including regional and national UNESCO/IOC entities), communication/outreach, research and process studies, national IIOE-2 committees and scientific alliances (e.g. including Western Indian Ocean Marine Science AssociationWIOMSA). Particularly strong emphasis was directed towards associated capacity building and data/information management frameworks for an IIOE-2. The meetings have also resulted in a number of countries already developing tangible plans or establishing national committees to strategize their national involvement in an IIOE-2. Details of the IIOE-2 Reference Group meetings in underpinning documents available through  HYPERLINK "http://www.iocperth.org" www.iocperth.org. Other planning and advocacy Both SCOR and IOGOOS co-sponsored and were heavily involved with IOC (mainly through its IOC Perth Programme Office) in organising and running the three Reference Group meetings noted above. Critical support was also provided through the Sustained Indian Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (SIBER) and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research Project (IMBER). SCOR and IOGOOS are continuing their planning efforts for IIOE-2, and will be collaborators and co-sponsors of the planning and implementation of the expedition. Many other widely advertised national scale events (meetings, briefings, media, etc.) have been undertaken to advocate and garner interest in the IIOE-2 at local/national levels by SCOR, IOGOOS and IOC representatives and constituents during 20112014. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) as the joint sponsoring organisation with IOC for JCOMM, WCRP, GCOS and GOOS, expressed interest to support the IIOE-2 initiative as one which could leverage efforts for knowledge sharing and transfer, through education and capacity development. There have also been contacts established with the European Geophysical Union which convened a session at its EGU General Assembly 2014 in Vienna, Austria from 27 April to 2 May 2014 under the title: Understanding Indian Ocean System: past, present and future. The IIOE-2 concept received a positive response from the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA), which embraced the IIOE-2 as a worthy pursuit through its Communiqu of November 2013, which included a statement to the effect: The IIOE-2 will be a unique opportunity for regional collaboration in research, training and capacity-building. We support this important scientific endeavour to enhance our understanding of the Indian Ocean. As noted above, several countries have already established national committees and/or planning processes to develop proposals and plans for their scientific and technical contributions as part of an IIOE-2. Science and Related Priorities for an IIOE-2 The views of participants in the three Reference Group meetings converged on the following set of science and related societal priorities for an IIOE-2, with implied open and coastal scale relevancies: Physical Oceanography, Benthic Geology, Geophysics and Atmospheric Science Drivers the Indian Oceans link to marine and terrestrial natural phenomena, including extremes: e.g. upwelling dynamics and variability; monsoons and extremes (marine and weather related); climate variability and change; benthic characterization; planetary waves; modelling for forecasting and process studies. Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Science Drivers advancing the ecological mysteries of the Indian Oceans ecosystems: coral reef ecosystems around the Indian Ocean; ocean stressors (warming, de-oxygenation, acidification, eutrophication, atmospheric pollution); oceanic carbon anatomy; atmospherically derived stressors (e.g. dust); biodiversity characterization and stressors; the role of the Indian Ocean as a pathway and connector for its three adjacent oceans (Pacific, Southern and Atlantic); food security (e.g. coastal productivity, fisheries). Societal Drivers improving societal links derived from and influenced by natural behaviours of the Indian Ocean: natural resource management; sustainable wealth from the oceans (Blue Economy); change in coastal and open ocean environments; human impacts of climate change, extreme events and monsoon variability; biodiversity loss and ecosystem conservation for tourism and fisheries. Capacity Building Drivers a better skilled population, including in developing rim and small island States, of the Indian Ocean from the data and information to be gained from the IIOE-2: Cruises as experiential and learning platforms; IIOE-2 data sets underpinning learning at all levels; alliances for science and applications; symposia/summer schools; mentoring programmes. Data and Information Management ensuring the products and outputs of the IIOE-2 are integrated with the IOCs International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE) programme and well managed, curated and made easily accessible to the broad community. IIOE-2s Legacy and IIOE-2 Objectives The original IIOE left a legacy of the benefits of collaborative international scientific research and a broad appreciation of the importance of oceanographic study, leading to a pioneering data set, new insights to the natural behaviour and global importance of the Indian Ocean and catalysing the establishment of national oceanographic institutes such as Indias National Institute of Oceanography. It is proposed that IIOE-2 will further enhance those legacies and extend them to cover, for example: Scientific: Further enhancing the Global Ocean Observing System, in accordance with the Framework for Ocean Observing, within the Indian Ocean, and in turn enabling significant new discoveries through associated research and process studies. Providing a stronger scientific underpinning for climate variability and change understanding, predictability and response. Social & Economic: Making relevant and tangible links between the blue scale oceanographic and ecosystem research, and regional and local societal needs and issues (i.e. fisheries and coastal ecosystem management, tourism, marine industry development). Improving the characterisation, predictability and capacity to respond to oceanic, climatic and coupled extremes as relevant to natural and human health and safety. Societal: Improving the in-country skills and capabilities of oceanographic researchers, modellers, climate forecasters and natural resource managers to sustainably manage their marine territories, with a particular focus on UNESCO priority objectives of Africa and Small Island and Developing States both within the Indian Ocean region, but also beyond through collaborative engagement of the global community in IIOE-2. Data & Information Exchange: Packaging, translating, managing and enabling access and use of the outputs/data of IIOE-2 to ensure they are of current utility and also remain accessible for on-going needs and applications. Capacity Development: Special attention will have to be given to the involvement of Least Developed Countries, Developing Countries and Economies in Transition from the Indian Ocean. This was particularly recognised during the Mauritius Reference Group meeting, which was aimed at taking the results of the previous meetings and further defining a focused set of overarching science and societal drivers with specific reference to the Western Indian Ocean for an IIOE-2. Outreach and Communication: A coordinated and effective outreach and communication programme will be an integral part of IIOE-2, to keep communities and governments informed and updated on progress and results as they become available, with a view to engaging their ongoing interest in and support for the endeavour. Planning and Implementation Research Plan As was the case for IIOE-1, it is proposed that the responsibility for developing a research plan be given to SCOR. SCOR has indicated that it is willing to take full responsibility for the research plan and it will develop an early draft by the end of August 2014. SCOR intends to commission an independent international committee of academic scientists to develop the plan, led by Professor Raleigh Hood of USA. It will consist of scientists active in the Indian Ocean research both from the Indian Ocean region and outside it. IOC Member States will have an opportunity to comment on the research plan, which will inform the Interim Planning Committees implementation planning, and will be part of the package of IIOE-2 documents presented by the IPC to the 28th session of the Assembly in 2015. Implementation plan The Draft Resolution will propose to the Executive Council the establishment of an Interim Planning Committee (IPC) for the IIOE-2 to undertake initial planning work and to report on this work to the 28th session of the Assembly in 2015. The IPC is proposed to be comprised of 15 members appointed jointly by the Executive Secretary of the IOC, the President of SCOR and the Chair of IOGOOS as follows: 10 from IOC, 2 from SCOR and 3 from IOGOOS. In order to determine the ten IPC members to represent IOC Member States, nominations will be invited by the Executive Secretary immediately following the Executive Council session, with the final selection made by the Executive Secretary in consultation with the IOC Officers. Overall, the IPC should comprise appointed experts across the range of scientific and technological requirements for IIOE-2, as well as ensuring appropriate gender and geographical balance. Role of the Interim Planning Committee The role of the IPC will be to develop and manage the initial planning for the IIOE-2 with appropriate Secretariat support. It will be led by a Chair, selected by the members, who will work in close association with an IIOE-2 Secretariat. The Interim Planning Committee will be expected to establish sub-committees as required to deal with specific issues and/or particular areas of research, coordination and knowledge transfer. As indicated, SCOR will lead the development of the IIOE-2 research plan, and other sub-committees on data management and on capacity development most obviously would be required to similarly develop plans for reporting back to the Assembly in 2015. Integration across the sub-committees will be critical to ensure stakeholders with differing levels of capacities can engage in IIOE-2 in a collegial and collaborative manner, an objective that can be facilitated by the secretariat structure. The IPC would also be responsible for recommending establishment of relevant programme coordinating bodies (i.e. groups established for the duration of IIOE-2 to oversee the implementation of all plans) as well as the identification and securing of resources for management and implementation of the initiative (i.e. Regional Secretariat). The IPC would report back in detail on all of these activities to the Assembly at its 28th Session in 2015. The IPC, working through a special sub-committee as required, should, as an initial priority, prepare an over-arching capacity development, outreach and communication strategy for the IIOE-2, to be reviewed and endorsed by participating countries and institutions prior to the official launch of IIOE-2. Data Management As with all large-scale scientific endeavours (c.f. International Polar Year and Southern Ocean Observing SystemSOOS), an efficient and open sharing and management of data and information collected under the IIOE-2 will be critical to its ultimate success. Development of a data and information management plan for IIOE-2 will be a priority for the IPC and any sub-committee on data/information management that is established. It might be expected that IODE will play a major role in developing this plan and in eventually collecting, compiling and sharing the data sets and derived products generated under IIOE-2. Secretariat It is proposed that Secretariat support for the IIOE-2 will be multi-faceted. Intergovernmental support will be provided through the IOC Secretariat in Paris, within the limits of available resources. In addition, it is proposed that: A centralised support Secretariat be established in the region, to provide the basic support required initially by the IPC and then by an IIOE-2 Steering Committee (ISC) after the 28th IOC Assembly, in both the planning for and implementation of the IIOE-2; and a number of small, sub-regional Secretariats could also be established by interested Member States in the region, to provide supplementary support required by the sub-committees and/or various sub-regionally based implementation activities, and to coordinate the work of national committees on a sub-regional basis. Funding Support for the planning and management of the IIOE-2 will be both in-kind through the provision of infrastructure and facilities, secondment of staff to the Secretariats and cash for programme support. This budget will cover the activities of the IPC in 20142015, and for 20152020 the cost of Secretariat support in IOC/Paris, the centralised regional Secretariat in a location yet to be determined, and programme support costs. Member States will be expected to determine and fund their own contributions to the implementation of IIOE-2 within the broad context of the research plan. Draft resolution A draft resolution proposed by Australia, India and the UK to approve the role of IOC in the IIOE-2, as well as agree on its steps towards establishing governance structure and secretariat support is found in the Action Paper (IOC/EC-XLVII/2 Prov.). Proposed timetable for the preparations of the IIOE-2 Development of research plan by SCOR in consultation with IOC and IOGOOS expertsJune September 2014 (Bremen SCOR meeting)Establishment of focal points or national committees on IIOE-2 development and implementationJuly August 2014 by IOC Circular letterEstablishment of the IIOE-2 Implementation Planning Committee (IPC)July August 2014 by the IOC Executive SecretaryConsultation process (if necessary) on the content of the IIOE-2 Research Plan with IOC Member States (by correspondence)September November 2014 by the Chair of the IPCDevelopment of a draft Implementation Plan for IIOE-2December 2014 March 2015 by IPCCirculation of the draft Implementation Plan to IOC Member States and IIOE-2 partners for commentMarch 2015, by IOC SecretariatDevelopment of the final draft of the Implementation PlanMarch May 2015, by IPCPublication of a working document and draft resolution with proposed governance of IIOE-2, including as annexes final version of the Implementation and Research Plans May 2015, by IOC SecretariatDiscussion and adoption of arrangements for the IIOE-2 at IOC 28th AssemblyJune July 2015  JCOMM: Joint WMO-IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology; WCRP: World Climate Research Programme (WMO-ICSU-IOC); GCOS: Global Climate Observing System (WMO-ICSU-IOC-UNEP); GOOS: Global Ocean Observing System     ICG/CARIBE-EWSII/WD__ Page PAGE 2 IOC-XXIV/2 Annex __ Page PAGE 3 Restricted Distribution IOC/EC-XLVII/2Annex9 Paris, 11 June 2014 Original: English INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION (of UNESCO) Forty-seventh Session of the Executive Council UNESCO, Paris, 14 July 2014 Item 6.3 of the Revised Provisional Agenda proposal for ioc involvement in the second international indian ocean expedition (iioe-2) IOC/EC-XLVII/2Annex9 page PAGE 2 IOC/EC-XXVII/2 Annex9 page PAGE 3 IOC/EC-XLVII/2Annex9 0NP[ T X  > O P ܶʧʧܣʧʧʆzogoYh@Vh@VPJ^JaJhh@V^JaJh@Vh@V^JaJh?~Fh@V>*^JaJh@V>*^JaJ&h%h %H*PJ^JaJhmH sH h@Vh %PJ^JaJhmH sH &h@Vh@VH*PJ^JaJhmH sH #hLh %PJ^JaJhmH sH h@VPJ^JaJhmH sH h %^JaJhBhh %>*^JaJ '&5yttototjgd@Vgd %gd %ikd$$IfTlV<0244 laT$ 7$G$Ifa$gd % $$Ifa$gd % P S [ \ ' + S T U Y Z _ c v '+PQX_b;=>^`wz%&45 ¾¯;¯ͧ;¾͙͒Ԡ h:h % hQh % hh %h %mH sH h@VmH sH  hLh@Vh@Vh@Vh@VmH sH  hLh %h % hBhh %h@Vh %PJ^JaJhh@V^JaJh?~Fh@V^JaJ7 i.=Cbf`"#% 4 5 Z [ k l m n } t!x!!֮h@Vh@VmH sH hLh %mH sH  h@Vh %h@Vh@V0J*>* h@Vh@Vjh@Vh@VUhHh %mH sH  hLh@Vh@V hh %h %hh %mH sH h@Vh@VmH sH  hLh %h@Vh %62#n "#%'`((W)*-.01.1&346678:;;  & F,0`0gd@Vgd %gd %!!!!!!""" 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